What is the Relationship Between Diabetes and Kidney Disease

In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the advent of an aging society, the incidence of diabetes showed a rapid growth trend. The disadvantage of Diabetes is that it harms blood vessels.the damage to the large blood vessels can lead to cardiovascular disease and to the microvascular damage can lead to fundus lesions and kidney disease. Why is high blood sugar can cause kidney disease? Expert explains: "lack of insulin secretion will cause high-sugar environment in a long term, effect renal arteries, result in microcirculation barrier, then cause renal ischemia and hypoxia, endothelial cell damage, eventually form a common complication of diabetes - - diabetic nephropathy. Many people know nephritis can lead to uremia, patients with uremia means lifelong dialysis or kidney transplant, but diabetes can lead to uremia,most people doesn’t know it. "If diabetes is not well controlled, kidney damage inevitably occurs after 10 years. “ Currently,we don’t figure out effective treatments to repress the process of diabetic nephropathy, once kidney damage occurs ,without proper treatments, renal function will decline, eventually developed into uremia. Early prevention and early treatment is the key Diabetic nephropathy is divided into five stages. At the first and second stage, urinary albumin excretion rate may be normal, but in fact kidney becomes hypertrophy, glomerular structure has been damaged. But at the third stage,if it can not be well treated, the patient will appear massive proteinuria, renal function will continue to deteriorate and eventually develop into uremia. In order to find out the diabetic kidney disease at the early stage, patients with type 1 diabetes will be carried out kidney disease screening after five years; but for type 2 diabetes, once diagnosed, patients must accept nephropathy screening once a year to check the kidney function and proteinuria.

Something about diabetes

Diabetes is a disease in which your body cannot regulate sugar. It occurs if your body does not make insulin or cannot use it very well. Insulin is a hormone that controls how much sugar is in your blood. Blood sugar is also called “glucose.” A high blood sugar level can cause problems in many parts of your body. Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be well managed with diet, exercise, and medications. Many people live a long, active life with diabetes. Am I at risk for diabetes?Anyone can get diabetes. However, you have a higher risk for diabetes if you are:Overweight、Inactive (exercise less than three times a week)、african-American/Black, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Hispanic, Pacific Islander or Asian、age 45 or older、have a family history of diabetes、have high blood pressure、have abnormal blood fats (cholesterol or triglycerides) Some of these risk factors are things you cannot change, like your ethnic background or age. But others are things you can change, like being overweight or having an inactive lifestyle. What are the “warning signs” of diabetes? Not everyone has warning signs. Diabetes is called a “silent disease” because many people do not have any. You may have some warning signs, or you may not. Some of the warning signs are:Being very thirsty、Urinating often (especially at night)、Feeling very hungry or tired、Losing weight without trying、Having sores that heal slowly、Having dry, itchy skin. The best way to know if you have diabetes is to get tested for it. This is done with a simple blood test to check your blood sugar levels

In general, percutaneous kidney biopsy is a safe procedure. Possible risks include:

Bleeding. The most common complication of a kidney biopsy is blood in the urine (hematuria). The bleeding usually stops within a few days. Bleeding that's serious enough to require a blood transfusion affects a very small percentage of people who have a kidney biopsy. Rarely, surgery is needed to control bleeding.

Pain. Pain at the biopsy site is common after a kidney biopsy, but it usually lasts only a few hours.
Arteriovenous fistula. If the biopsy needle accidentally damages the walls of a nearby artery and vein, an abnormal connection (fistula) can form between the two blood vessels. This type of fistula usually causes no symptoms and closes on its own.
Others. Rarely, a collection of blood (hematoma) around the kidney becomes infected. This complication is treated with antibiotics and surgical drainage. Another uncommon risk is development of high blood pressure related to a large hematoma.

If Kidney Is Shrinking, Is It Danger to Life?

Kidney shrinkage means that your kidneys are smaller than the normal kidneys which is usually showed by B ultrasound. Actually, patients with the condition should be alarmed. Otherwise, it will affect patients life greatly!
How dangerous is kidney shrinkage?
Kidneys shrinks when most kidneys tissues become necrotic, so in medicine kidney shrinkage always indicates kidney damage and impairment of kidney function. For people with kidney shrinkage, generally the smaller the kidney size, the poorer the kidney function. Once kidney function is impaired by shrinking kidneys, many clinical manifestations or symptoms will appear, such as blood in urine, swelling, proteinuria, dry skin, itching skin, bone pain, anemia, nausea, vomiting, poor appetite and so on.
Without effective treatments, kidney damage will develop into Kidney Failure gradually. At that time,Dialysis or Kidney Transplant will be recommended to you! Therefore, it is important to receive effective treatments to stop the progression of illness condition.

Diet principle for patients after dialysis After dialysis

Diet principle for patients after dialysis After dialysis, toxic symptom releases in a certain, but patients will lose some nutrition such as amino acid, inorganic salt, menadione sodium bisulfite,etc. So patients must pay attention to diet after dialysis So, what should dialysis patients take in daily life. There will lose 4.79g amino acid in 12 hours hemodialysis. And protein leaks 25-40g for one time of hemodialysis. So your diet should be adjusted according to treatment. Most patients symptoms improved, appetite turns to good, BUN decreased, so diet supplement should be attention: 1, low-fat, low-cholesterol diet: dialysis patients usually has hyperlipemia, so you should control fat and cholesterol intake for avoiding aggravating arteriosclerosis. 2, menadione sodium bisulfite: you can supplement it by oral Chinese medicine such as vitamin B2, folic acid, ascorbic acid,etc. 3, Potassium, Sodium, calcium, phosphorus: adjusting these elements intake according to the report result and urine volume. Low salt diet, controlled Sodium intake in 1500-2000mg, controlling its intake when urine volume is few, potassium intake should be controlled in less than 1300mg, phosphorus should be controlled in 4.5-5.0mg/min. If phosphorus is high, you also should control the intake of cereal and bean, which contained phosphorus. At the same time, pay attention to the supplement of calcium volume. 4, water intake should be adjusted according to urine volume and dialysis times so as to maintain the balance of flowing out and in. Shouldn’t less than 1000ml/d 5, protein: regular hemodialysis patients should intake protein at least 50g ( 0.75 -1.0g/kg ) 30 hours of hemodialysis weekly, protein supplement should be controlled in 1.0 or 1.2g/kg in daily diet. So as to maintain the Nitrogen balance. Hemodialysis patients should intake 1.2-1.5g/kg, high quality protein should occupied by 50%-70%, which can choose animal protein like milk,eggs and fish